VLM3:视觉语言模型是原生的3D学习者
阅读原文· arxiv.org该研究主张视觉语言模型(VLM)是原生的3D学习者。通过大规模研究发现,实现有效3D学习仅需三个核心要素:统一焦距、基于文本的像素参考以及数据混合与缩放。传统的模型架构改变、超大模型、复杂数据增强和损失函数(包括回归公式)并非必要条件。基于此,研究提出了VLM3方法,以最简设计使标准VLM掌握多样3D任务。VLM3将VLM的深度估计精度从0.84大幅提升至0.9,并实现了像素对应、相机位姿估计和物体级3D理解等任务,其精度匹配专家视觉模型,同时保持标准架构和文本训练方式。
Vision Language Models (VLMs) enable a unified model to solve various vision tasks through prompting. They have shown promising performance in semantic understanding. However, 3D understanding still largely relies on expert vision models with complex task-specific designs. The key argument this work wants to make is that VLMs are native 3D learners. Our in-depth large scale study shows that 1) focal length unification, 2) text-based pixel reference and 3) data mixture and scaling, are all you need for effective 3D learning. Model architecture changes, large models, heavy data augmentations, and complex losses including the regression formulation, many of which form the foundation of expert vision models, are actually not necessary conditions. As a result, we propose VLM3, a scalable method with the simplest design that enables standard VLMs to master diverse 3D tasks. VLM3 not only advances the VLM depth estimation accuracy by a large margin (0.84 -> 0.9), but also enables diverse 3D tasks such as pixel correspondence, camera pose estimation and object-level 3D understanding, matching expert vision model accuracy while maintaining standard architectures and text-based training. We believe VLM3 opens up a new paradigm for simple and scalable 3D learning.