梦境：更出色的记忆，成就更有帮助的 ChatGPT
优化 ChatGPT 中的记忆合成，以提升新鲜度、连续性和相关性。
今天，我们开始推出一套能力更强、可扩展性更高的记忆合成系统，旨在解决我们在 ChatGPT 中为数十亿用户及多年时间跨度应用记忆时所观察到的陈旧性、正确性和可扩展性挑战。
记忆功能帮助 ChatGPT 了解你的偏好、项目和限制条件，使未来的对话能够从共享的上下文开始，而非每次都从头开始。
在过去两年中，记忆已成为 ChatGPT 体验的关键组成部分，帮助 ChatGPT 更好地理解你的背景信息，从而能够长期协助你实现有意义的目标。这对于让 ChatGPT 变得更有用至关重要：了解你、帮助你，并为你做更多事情。
此次更新今日面向美国地区的 Plus 和 Pro 用户开放，并将在未来几周内推广至更多国家以及 Free 和 Go 用户。
记忆功能的演变历程
记忆功能最初于 2024 年 4 月推出（也称为已保存记忆）。该功能允许你让 ChatGPT 记住信息，并将其延续到未来的对话中。
已保存记忆仅在对话过程中写入，并依赖强烈的触发信号来决定何时激活记忆，例如“记住我七月要去新加坡”这样的指令。在实际使用中，与这个系统交互的感觉就像是在和一个记了几条笔记、但没写下来的东西全忘光的人交谈。已保存记忆也容易随着时间的推移变得陈旧，最终变得不正确或不相关。
2025 年 4 月，我们更新了 ChatGPT 的记忆功能，让模型能够引用已保存记忆列表之外的聊天上下文；这是通过引入第一版“梦境”功能实现的——这是一种让 ChatGPT 通过引用聊天历史，在后台自动整理记忆的方法。
与已保存的记忆不同，梦境功能利用一个后台进程，让 ChatGPT 能够从多次对话中学习，并综合 ChatGPT 的记忆状态，从而始终为你的对话提供最新、最相关的上下文。梦境功能还使得记忆更容易包含对话中自然出现的上下文，而无需依赖明确的“记住某件事”的请求。
在过去一年中，梦境功能作为已保存记忆的补充，使 ChatGPT 在个性化回复能力方面实现了阶跃式提升，并抵消了已保存记忆的陈旧性。然而，从历史上看，它从未足以作为一个独立的记忆系统。
今天，我们推出了一种基于梦境功能构建的、能力显著更强且计算效率更高的记忆架构。
通过梦境功能合成的记忆，可以在记忆摘要页面中查看其摘要。通过记忆摘要，你可以快速了解 ChatGPT 对你的认知要点，添加或更新关于你自己的信息，并就 ChatGPT 应在何时提及哪些话题提供指示。如果你想深入了解某个特定领域以获取更多信息，只需与模型对话即可。
我们如何评估记忆
当我们思考 ChatGPT 中“良好记忆”的表现时，会想到以下几点：
- **延续有用的上下文：** 你只需告诉 ChatGPT 一次，它就会在后续的聊天中记住该信息。
- 遵循偏好和约束：如果你描述了一个偏好（例如，你是素食主义者），那么 ChatGPT 在后续操作中应采取与该偏好一致的行动。
- 随时间保持时效性：记忆应考虑时间的流逝。想象一下“用户正在计划下周六的生日派对”；最终，周日到来了。
我们可以评估 ChatGPT Plus 和 Pro 的记忆在上述三个记忆目标方面随时间推移的改进情况。我们针对以下每个阶段进行评估：
- 2024 年：已保存的记忆
- 2025 年：已保存的记忆 + 梦境 V0
- 2026 年：梦境 V3
延续上下文
当你开始与 ChatGPT 进行新一轮对话时，无需从头介绍自己。ChatGPT 能帮你节省时间，并基于先前的对话背景继续推进，尤其适用于复杂、长期运行的项目。
例如，假设你正用 ChatGPT 选购与现有相机兼容的新摄影器材。如果你过去曾与 ChatGPT 讨论过你的相机配置，你可以直接询问与“我的摄影装备”兼容的产品，从而获得满足你需求的定制化推荐。
无记忆功能
我需要购买什么才能为我的水下摄影装备使用 TTL？
要在水下使用 TTL 闪光灯，你需要一条兼容的链路：相机 → 防水壳/触发器 → 线缆 → 闪光灯。具体购买什么主要取决于你的设备使用的是光纤 TTL 还是电子 TTL。
基础购物清单
- 支持 TTL 的水下闪光灯：寻找支持你所用 TTL 类型的闪光灯，例如 Inon S-TTL、Sea & Sea DS-TTL、Ikelite DS TTL，或兼容的 Backscatter/Nauticam 系统。TTL 必须由闪光灯支持，而不仅仅是相机。
- TTL 触发器或 TTL 转换器：这是关键部件。它将相机的闪光测光信号转换为水下闪光灯能理解的信号。例如 Nauticam 光学 TTL 转换器、Sea & Sea TTL 转换器、Backscatter Smart Control 光学 TTL 触发器，或 Ikelite DS Link TTL 转换器，具体取决于防水壳和相机品牌。Backscatter 指出，Nauticam 光学 TTL 转换器可与光纤连接的 Inon 和 Sea & Sea TTL 闪光灯配合使用，而 Ikelite 的 DS Link 转换器则是围绕 Ikelite DS 闪光灯和电子同步系统设计的。（Backscatter.com）
- 连接线缆：对于光纤 TTL，每支闪光灯需购买一根光纤线缆。Ikelite 的光纤指南指出，每支闪光灯都需要独立的光路、转换器/适配器和线缆。（Ikelite）
对于电子 TTL，需购买正确的同步线，例如 Ikelite 式、Nikonos 5 针式，或防水壳专用的穿舱线缆。
- 防水壳兼容部件：你可能需要热靴适配器、穿舱接口、光纤窗口/适配器，或防水壳专用的 TTL 板。许多 TTL 触发器安装在防水壳内部的相机热靴上。
- 频闪臂、夹具、托盘及安装硬件。TTL 控制曝光，但你仍需手动安装并瞄准频闪灯。
- 电池及备用电池。携带频闪灯电池、触发器电池（如需）、备用光纤线或同步线 O 型圈，以及用于可维护 O 型圈的硅脂。
你应该选择哪条路线？
如果你的防水壳配有光学端口，或可使用相机的弹出式闪光灯/LED 触发器，光纤 TTL 通常是最简单的方案。它常见于紧凑型相机、无反相机、Nauticam、Sea & Sea、AOI 以及奥林巴斯/OM TG 风格的设备配置中。
如果你使用 Ikelite DS 频闪灯或 Ikelite 风格的防水壳/舱壁接口，电子 TTL 通常是最佳选择。Ikelite 表示其 DS Link TTL 转换器比光纤 TTL 触发器更快、更可靠，且无需电池。（来源：Backscatter.com）
兼容性规则
你需要以下三者全部匹配：
相机品牌/协议 + 防水壳/触发器类型 + 频闪灯 TTL 系统
例如：
- 索尼相机 + Nauticam 防水壳 + 光学 TTL 触发器 + 兼容 Inon/Sea & Sea 的光纤频闪灯
- 尼康/佳能/索尼相机 + Ikelite 防水壳/舱壁接口 + Ikelite DS Link TTL 转换器 + Ikelite DS 频闪灯
- 带内置闪光灯的紧凑型相机 + 光纤线 + 支持 S-TTL/DS-TTL 的频闪灯
因此，实际答案是：购买一个兼容 TTL 的频闪灯，为你的相机和防水壳购买正确的 TTL 触发器/转换器，以及合适的光纤或电子同步线。具体零件编号取决于你的相机、防水壳和频闪灯型号。
该模型生成了一个通用回复，让用户自行进行复杂的兼容性检查。
带记忆功能
我需要购买什么才能在我的水下摄影设备上使用 TTL？
我将根据你的实际设备进行验证：索尼 A1 II 搭配 Nauticam NA-A1II 防水壳，使用 Backscatter Mini Flash 3 和 Inon Z-330 频闪灯。关键问题是，你是想为 Mini Flash 3、Z-330 还是两者都启用 TTL。
针对你的设备——索尼 A1 II + Nauticam NA-A1II + Backscatter Mini Flash 3 + Inon Z-330——有两种不同的 TTL 路径：
Mini Flash 3 TTL 的最佳购买方案
购买：
**Backscatter Smart Control TTL LED Nauticam Flash Trigger for Sony
SKU: BS-TR-SN2**
Backscatter 将其列为专为 Nauticam 全画幅索尼防水壳定制设计，兼容 Mini Flash 3 的 TTL 功能，并在 NA-A1II 防水壳页面中将其作为“Backscatter Smart Control TTL 闪光触发器”选项提供。(Backscatter.com )
你需要使用普通光纤线缆从防水壳连接到 Mini Flash 3。在 MF-3 上，应使用 SC 或 SC Macro 模式；Backscatter 表示 SC / SC Macro 是 Mini Flash 3 的 TTL 模式，其中 SC Macro 专门针对微距近摄进行了优化。(Backscatter.com )
适用于 Inon Z-330 TTL
对于 Inon Z-330，相关设备是：
UW Technics 11075-HSS TTL 转换器（适用于索尼 / Nauticam）
UW Technics 明确将 Inon Z-330 列为兼容的 TTL 闪光灯，并支持光学 TTL 输出。(UWTechnics )
但我不会为了 Mini Flash 3 的 TTL 功能购买此设备。Backscatter 自家的 UW Technics 产品页面说明，在该转换器上，Backscatter 闪光灯仅支持手动 / HSS 模式，而 Backscatter Smart Control 触发器才是被列为支持 Mini Flash 3 索尼 TTL 功能的设备。(Backscatter.com )
实用建议
既然你拍摄微距且拥有 Mini Flash 3，我会推荐购买 Backscatter Smart Control TTL LED Nauticam 闪光触发器（索尼版）—— 型号 BS-TR-SN2。
问题在于：可能没有任何一款触发器能同时为 Mini Flash 3 和 Inon Z-330 提供真正的 TTL 功能。Backscatter 触发器是 MF-3 的正确 TTL 解决方案；UW Technics 转换器是 Z-330 的正确 TTL 解决方案。因此，请根据你实际需要 TTL 功能的闪光灯来选择。
针对你的使用场景，我会优先考虑 Mini Flash 3 的 TTL / SC Macro 功能，并在需要时将 Z-330 作为手动闪光灯使用。
模型会记住用户的相机设置，并推荐兼容的产品。
我们可以从类似场景中构建一个评估，要求模型响应用户提示，该提示需要模型回忆关于用户的事实信息。如果模型以正确使用相关上下文的方式做出响应，则会获得奖励。在此评估中，基于新“梦境”的系统提升了模型回忆相关事实的能力。
遵循偏好
记忆功能还能帮助 ChatGPT 以更符合你偏好和约束条件的方式做出响应。
想象一下，你正在计划一次新加坡之旅。出发前两个月，你请 ChatGPT 帮忙制定行程。ChatGPT 已经从你过去的旅行规划中了解到，你喜欢野生动物摄影、偏爱空调强劲的酒店，并且更享受安静的晚餐而非拥挤的酒吧。
没有记忆功能
帮我规划一次新加坡之旅。我七月份要去那里出差，最后会有几天空闲时间。
适合出差顺道游览的城市：新加坡紧凑、安全，非常适合独自探索，2-4 天空闲时间就能玩得尽兴。七月天气炎热潮湿；白天最高气温预计在 31-33°C / 88-91°F 之间，夜晚温暖，时有骤雨，因此户外活动最好安排在清晨或下午 5 点以后，中午时段适合逛博物馆、商场、咖啡馆或在酒店休息。新加坡官方气象部门记录的典型日间最高气温为 31-33°C，最低气温为 23-25°C。（新加坡气象局）
一个紧凑的三日计划
第一天：滨海湾、花园与天际线
下午晚些时候从滨海湾出发，沿着海滨漫步：鱼尾狮公园、螺旋桥、艺术科学博物馆外观，然后进入滨海湾花园。如果你对景观有要求，可以预订云雾林、花穹，以及华侨银行空中走道或超级树观景台。滨海湾花园官网显示，云雾林和花穹每日上午 9 点至晚上 9 点开放；超级树观景台同样为上午 9 点至晚上 9 点，最后入场时间为晚上 8:30，但预订前请确认是否有维护关闭情况。（滨海湾花园）
晚上：留下来观看超级树灯光秀区域，然后在老巴刹吃晚餐，这是在中央商务区附近体验第一晚小贩美食的便捷选择。那里有 80 多个摊位，提供沙爹、叻沙、椰浆饭、肉骨茶、咖椰吐司和炒粿条等本地经典美食。（老巴刹）
第二天：文化街区与美食
上午：唐人街。参观佛牙寺龙华院，逛逛骑楼街道，并在麦士威熟食中心或牛车水大厦熟食中心用餐。新加坡旅游局官网列出了麦士威、牛车水大厦、旧机场路、中峇鲁市场、牛顿等热门小贩中心。（新加坡旅游局）
下午：甘榜格南和哈芝巷，参观苏丹回教堂、壁画、精品店和咖啡馆。然后在黄金时段前往小印度，欣赏寺庙、花环，逛竹脚中心并享用晚餐。
晚上：要么在安祥山/客纳街一带喝杯鸡尾酒，要么低调地沿着新加坡河夜行：从驳船码头到克拉码头再到罗拔申码头。
第三天：自然或海滩日
根据你的精力选一个。
选择自然：早上先去新加坡植物园，然后去国家胡姬花园，之后在登普西山或中峇鲁吃午餐。这是不出城就能体验“绿色新加坡”的最佳方式。
选择海滩/度假模式：去圣淘沙。可以选择南部海滩、西乐索空中步道，或者去海滩俱乐部。除非你特别喜欢主题公园，否则我会建议跳过圣淘沙的所有景点。
选择本地美食：去中峇鲁市场吃早餐，中午参观国家美术馆，然后去旧机场路熟食中心吃晚餐。官方活动页面也会展示展览和文化活动，所以一旦你七月的具体日期确定下来，值得去查看一下。（Visit Singapore）
工作结束后最佳住宿地点
滨海湾/中央商业区是最方便的选择，如果你想要精致、适合步行、天际线壮观的新加坡体验，并且交通换乘最少。
唐人街/直落亚逸/丹戎巴葛是我在有几个空闲日时的首选：美食丰富、靠近地铁、有历史街道、鸡尾酒吧，而且离工作区很近。
武吉士/甘榜格南更适合如果你想要精品酒店、咖啡馆、街头艺术，以及稍微更放松的社区氛围。
乌节路购物方便，雨天可以去商场，但氛围感稍差。
需要提前预订什么
预订滨海湾花园的温室/空中步道、任何特色餐厅，可能还有一家鸡尾酒吧。对于小贩中心，不要过度计划；直接饿着肚子去，带上纸巾或湿巾，并准备好拼桌。
七月打包注意事项
带上透气的正装、舒适的步行鞋、一把小伞，以及一件轻便外套以应对强劲的空调。我还会每天计划一个“雨天灵活调整”的室内活动，因为即使天气预报看起来不错，阵雨也可能突然降临。
我建议的行程安排：第一天滨海湾/滨海湾花园，第二天牛车水–甘榜格南–小印度，第三天植物园或圣淘沙。这样既能领略新加坡的精华景点，又不会把下班后的休息时间变成另一个工作项目。
模型生成的是泛泛的旅游指南式回复，对酒店预订没有帮助，而且基本忽略了用户的兴趣点。
结合记忆
帮我规划一趟新加坡之旅。我七月份要去那里出差，行程末尾会有几天空闲时间。
我会根据你已知的限制条件来规划：工作结束后有几天空闲、七月天气炎热潮湿、偏好野生动物/摄影/自然景观、睡眠需要强劲空调、以及喜欢优质但不过度社交的餐饮。我会核实当前七月的后勤信息，然后给出一个实用的短途行程，而不是泛泛的新加坡旅游清单。
我的规划思路如下：2-3天自由时间，以自然/野生动物/摄影为主，早晨避开高温时段，中间安排空调休息。七月炎热潮湿：新加坡七月长期统计数据显示，日均最高气温约31.4°C/88.5°F，最低气温25.4°C/77.7°F，降雨量146.6毫米，降雨天数14天，因此户外活动应安排在清晨或傍晚，避开正午。（数据来源：国家环境局）
三天自由时间的最佳方案
第一天——滨海湾花园 + 滨海湾，轻松不费力
上午：云雾林 + 花穹。这是典型的“游客必去”景点，但很适合你，因为视觉上很有趣，适合拍照，而且有空调控温。滨海湾花园的云雾林和花穹类景点开放时间为上午9:00至晚上9:00，云雾林目前正在举办侏罗纪世界体验活动。（滨海湾花园）
傍晚/晚上：超级树丛 + 极光/灯光秀。滨海湾花园目前每周六、周日和周一晚上8:00至8:30在超级树丛举办极光秀，所以尽量把行程安排在这些晚上。（滨海湾花园）
晚餐：在附近找个方便的地方解决：滨海湾/丹戎巴葛/直落亚逸。对你来说，我会优先选择可以预订座位、有正式餐桌的餐厅，而不是第一晚就去小贩中心，因为你不喜欢拥挤的独坐座位。
第二天——万礼野生动物园日
上午至下午：飞禽公园 + 河川生态园。飞禽公园在摄影方面可能最合适；河川生态园更偏向“野生动物摄影”的体验较少，更多是受控的展区，但在行程安排上搭配得很好。河川生态园的开放时间为每天上午 9:00 至下午 6:00，最后入场时间为下午 5:00。（万礼野生动物保护区）
傍晚：夜间动物园。这是新加坡少有的在夜晚体验更佳且能避开最炎热时段的景点。夜间动物园的开放时间为每天下午 6:00 至午夜 12:00，最后入场时间为晚上 11:15，提供有轨电车游览和步行小径，可观赏超过 900 种夜行动物。（万礼野生动物保护区）
这将是一整天的行程。除非你有 4 个空闲日，否则我不会建议你再加新加坡动物园；万礼区域很容易让人迅速感到疲惫。
第三天 — 自然保护区 / 近似微距的徒步 + 美食
清晨：新加坡植物园或麦里芝蓄水池 / 温莎自然公园。如果只有几个空闲日，植物园是更稳妥的选择：交通更方便，出汗更少，有更好的退出选项，也更适合随性的摄影。如果你想要更真实的森林体验，麦里芝 / 温莎会更好，但那里更热、更容易出汗，且天气更不可预测。
中午：空调休息时间。
傍晚：如切 / 加东或牛车水 / 直落亚逸，适合散步、欣赏建筑、喝咖啡和晚餐。这能让你体验到与滨海湾不同的氛围，又不会把一天变成一项复杂的行程规划工程。
我对你的推荐排序
- 云雾林 / 滨海湾花园 — 兼具上镜、标志性和避暑优势的最佳组合。
- 飞禽公园 + 夜间动物园 — 最佳的野生动物主题日。
- 清晨的植物园 — 压力最小的户外自然体验。
- 如切 / 加东 — 最佳街区漫步体验。
- 小贩中心 — 值得一去，但考虑到你对座位的偏好，除非错峰前往，否则体验可能不太理想。
我会避开或降低优先级的内容
我会跳过圣淘沙，除非你特别想要海滩/度假村体验。我也会跳过那种行程紧凑的“精华一日游”（鱼尾狮 / 乌节路 / 小印度 / 牛车水 / 克拉码头）；这样效率低且天气炎热。对你来说，如果每天有一个强有力的核心活动加上一个轻松的晚间计划，这趟旅行体验会更好。
酒店 / 住宿提示
由于这是一次出差，你的酒店可能是固定的。如果你能在同一家酒店选择或延长住宿，硬性限制仍然是空调。新加坡的酒店通常空调很足，但你的要求异常严格。
有一件事我需要明确一下
请发送确切空闲日期，并说明你的工作酒店是否固定。然后我会据此制定每日计划，包含餐厅推荐和酒店/空调方面的提示。
模型会根据用户在野生动物摄影、安静晚餐方面的兴趣以及预订酒店时的优先考虑事项，生成个性化的回复。
偏好可以有多种形式：
- 关于 ChatGPT 应如何回应的指令（"别再提 Stan 了"）。
- 你的个人偏好或限制条件（"我是素食主义者"）
- 影响与你相关内容的隐含偏好（"我住在旧金山附近" → 本地选项应针对该区域进行定制）
在开发新记忆系统的过程中，我们提升了 ChatGPT 从过往对话中应用相关偏好的能力。沿用上面"我是素食主义者"的例子，我们可以评估模型是否能在素食用户询问膳食准备建议时，正确利用记忆来提供适合素食者的餐饮选项。
随时间保持更新
时间不会因为你的对话结束而停止。
传统的记忆系统可能会变得过时。例如，你告诉 ChatGPT "我在新加坡，需要今晚的晚餐推荐。" 然后，时间流逝，你的旅行结束了，你可能会奇怪为什么 ChatGPT 仍然认为你在新加坡。
通过"梦境"机制，记忆会随时间推移自动更新，使得 ChatGPT 能够在旅行结束时，将其记忆从"你将于七月前往新加坡"修正为"你于 2026 年 7 月去过新加坡"。然后，当你回到家后，ChatGPT 可以再次提供针对你家庭所在地和时区的推荐。
过时的记忆
帮我找找今晚还能点外卖的地方。
现在是新加坡周日大约早上 5:19，所以你最稳妥的外卖/配送选择是 24 小时营业的店铺。
目前最佳选择：
- 麦当劳外卖 / 新加坡麦当劳——最便捷的全岛选择；麦当劳表示其外卖服务每周 7 天、每天 24 小时提供。现在应该已经开始供应早餐菜单了。（新加坡麦当劳）
- Srisun Express — 适合吃印度煎饼、印度穆斯林菜、本地家常菜；其网站显示该店持有清真认证，且全天候24小时营业。（Sri Sun Express）
- 89.7 Supper Club — 如果你在樟宜村或芽笼东附近，这家店不错；其门店页面显示两家分店均每周7天、每天24小时营业。（89.7 Supper Club）
- 126 闻道虾饺 — 如果你在东部，值得在 GrabFood/foodpanda 上查看；一份2025年的指南显示，该店平日营业至凌晨5:30，周末则全天24小时营业。由于现在是周日早上，它可能仍在营业。（Eatbook）
- 芽笼/实龙岗/勿洛/惹兰加由一带的印度煎饼 — 在 GrabFood 或 Google Maps 上搜索“现在营业的印度煎饼”；指南列出了多家24小时营业的印度煎饼/宵夜店，包括 Mufiz Prata Corner 和 RK Eating House。（Eatbook）
最快的方法：打开 GrabFood / foodpanda / Deliveroo，将筛选条件设为“现在营业”，然后搜索“prata”、“McDonald’s”、“Srisun”、“89.7”、“dim sum”或“nasi lemak”。如果你告诉我你所在的区域或最近的地铁站，我可以帮你缩小范围，找到附近的具体店铺。
模型认为用户目前仍在新加坡。
带有记忆功能
帮我找找今晚还能点外卖、并且仍在营业的地方。
我将以波托拉谷 / 拉德雷为起点，优先选择今晚可能仍在营业且适合外卖的店铺，然后缩小范围，提供操作最便捷的选项，而不是列出一长串清单。
今晚是5月30日周六，在拉德雷 / 波托拉谷附近，我会从以下地方开始找：
- Alpine Inn — 最稳妥的休闲外带选择。周六营业至晚上9:30，其网站提供“外卖点单”功能。适合吃汉堡/酒馆食物。（Rossotti's Alpine Inn）
- Taverna Portola Valley — 位于附近的拉德雷乡村购物中心；每日营业，周六晚餐供应至晚上9:00。如果你想吃希腊菜/地中海菜，这里更合适。（TAVERNA Portola Valley）
- Portola Bistro — 也在附近；周六晚餐供应至晚上9:30。是意大利菜/地中海菜/披萨类晚餐的不错选择。（Portola Bistro -）
- Amigos Grill — 墨西哥菜，就在拉德雷乡村购物中心内，非常近。官网显示需致电650-851-3997下单；DoorDash / order.online 显示外带/配送订单截止时间为晚上8:40。（Amigos Grill）
- 帕洛阿尔托的 State of Mind Slice House——如果你想吃披萨且愿意开远一点，这是最佳备选；周五至周六营业时间为上午 11 点至晚上 10 点。（State of Mind Slice House）
我的推荐：Alpine Inn 最适合就近外带，Taverna 适合想吃清淡些的时候，State of Mind 则适合时间较晚、需要晚上 9 点后最可靠的选择。
该模型能提供与用户家庭所在地相关的回复。
在我们的记忆评估中，我们衡量 ChatGPT 能否正确响应那些时间流逝会显著影响正确答案或推荐的提示词。Dreaming 在这方面带来了显著提升：
为未来打造更具可扩展性的基础
在 OpenAI，我们的使命是确保通用人工智能惠及全人类。
虽然基于 dreaming 的记忆功能已向 Plus 和 Pro 用户开放一段时间，但直到现在，我们才能向免费用户提供既符合质量标准、又具备大规模服务可行性的版本。近期的改进将服务免费用户所需的 dreaming 计算量降低了约 5 倍，使得在未来几周内向免费用户逐步推出 dreaming 功能成为可能，同时还能增加 Plus 和 Pro 用户的记忆容量。
展望未来，dreaming 如今为我们所有用户提供了统一的记忆基础。此次更新代表了我们迄今为止最强大的记忆系统，我们将持续改进它。
要了解更多关于此次发布及记忆用户控制的信息，请访问我们的记忆常见问题解答页面。
Dreaming: Better memory for a more helpful ChatGPT
Improving memory synthesis in ChatGPT to optimize for freshness, continuity and relevance.
Today we’re beginning to roll out a more capable and scalable system for synthesizing memory, developed to tackle the staleness, correctness, and scalability challenges that we observe when memory is applied to the hundreds of millions of users and multi-year time horizons in ChatGPT.
Memory is what helps ChatGPT learn your preferences, projects, and constraints, allowing future conversations to start from shared context rather than from scratch.
Over the last two years, memory has grown into a critical part of the ChatGPT experience, helping ChatGPT better understand your context so it can help you accomplish meaningful goals over time. This is central to making ChatGPT more useful: knowing you, helping you, and doing more for you.
This update is available to Plus and Pro users in the US today, and will roll out to additional countries and Free and Go users over the coming weeks.
How memory has evolved
Memory first launched in April 2024 (also known as saved memories). The feature let you ask ChatGPT to remember information and carry it forward into future chats.
Saved memories were only written during the conversation and relied on strong cues to decide when to trigger memory, such as an instruction to "remember I’m traveling to Singapore in July." In practice, interacting with this system could feel like talking to someone who took a few notes, but still forgot everything that wasn’t written down. Saved memories also tend to go stale over time and eventually become incorrect or irrelevant.
In April 2025, we updated ChatGPT’s memory by giving the model the ability to reference chat context outside of the saved memories list; this was done by introducing the first version of dreaming—a method for ChatGPT to automatically curate memories in the background by referencing chat history.
In contrast to saved memories, dreaming leverages a background process that allows ChatGPT to learn from many conversations and synthesize ChatGPT’s memory state in order to always provide the freshest, most relevant context to your conversations. Dreaming also makes it easier for memory to include context that occurs naturally in conversation, without relying on explicit requests to remember something.
Over the last year, dreaming supplemented saved memories to create a step-function improvement in ChatGPT's ability to personalize responses and offset the staleness of saved memories. However, it historically was never sufficient as a standalone memory system.
Today, we are launching a significantly more capable and compute-efficient memory architecture built on top of dreaming.
The memories synthesized by dreaming are reviewable through a summary of them made visible in the memory summary page. From the memory summary, you can quickly glean the highlights of what ChatGPT knows about you, add or update information about yourself, and provide instructions on what topics ChatGPT should bring up and when. If you want to drill down into a particular area to learn more, just chat with the model.
How we evaluate memory
When we think about what "good memory" looks like in ChatGPT, a few things come to mind:
- **Carry forward useful context:**You tell ChatGPT something once, and it remembers that information in your subsequent chats.
- Follow preferences and constraints: If you describe a preference (e.g., you’re vegetarian), then ChatGPT should take actions that are consistent with that preference going forward.
- Stay current over time: Memory should account for the passage of time. Imagine "The user is planning their birthday party for next Saturday"; eventually, Sunday arrives.
We can evaluate how ChatGPT Plus and Pro memory has improved over time with respect to each of the three memory objectives above. We do this for each of:
- 2024: Saved memories
- 2025: Saved memories + Dreaming V0
- 2026: Dreaming V3
Carrying forward context
When you start a new chat with ChatGPT, you don’t have to introduce yourself from scratch. ChatGPT can save you time and build on prior context, especially for complex, long-running projects.
For example, imagine you’re using ChatGPT to shop for new camera gear that's compatible with your current camera. If you've discussed your camera setup with ChatGPT in the past, you can ask for products that are compatible with "my photography setup" and get tailored recommendations that meet your needs.
Without memory
What would I need to buy to use TTL for my underwater photography setup?
To use TTL flash underwater, you need a compatible chain from camera → housing/trigger → cable → strobe. What you buy depends mostly on whether your setup uses fiber-optic TTL or electrical TTL.
Basic shopping checklist
- TTL-capable underwater strobeLook for strobes that support your TTL type, such as Inon S-TTL, Sea & Sea DS-TTL, Ikelite DS TTL, or compatible Backscatter/Nauticam systems. TTL has to be supported by the strobe, not just the camera.
- TTL trigger or TTL converterThis is the key piece. It translates your camera’s flash metering into something the underwater strobe can understand. Examples include Nauticam optical TTL converters, Sea & Sea TTL converters, Backscatter Smart Control optical TTL triggers, or Ikelite DS Link TTL converters, depending on housing and camera brand. Backscatter notes that Nauticam optical TTL converters can work with fiber-optic-connected Inon and Sea & Sea TTL strobes, while Ikelite’s DS Link converters are made around Ikelite DS strobes and electrical sync setups. (Backscatter.com )
- Connection cableFor fiber optic TTL, buy one fiber optic cable per strobe. Ikelite’s fiber-optic guide says each strobe needs its own light path, converter/adapter, and cord. (Ikelite )
For electrical TTL, buy the correct sync cord, such as Ikelite-style, Nikonos 5-pin, or housing-specific bulkhead cable.
- Housing compatibility partsYou may need a hot-shoe adapter, bulkhead, fiber optic window/adapter, or housing-specific TTL board. Many TTL triggers mount inside the housing on the camera hot shoe.
- Strobe arms, clamps, tray, and mounting hardwareTTL controls exposure, but you still need to physically mount and aim the strobes.
- Batteries and sparesBring strobe batteries, trigger batteries if required, spare fiber optic cables or sync cord O-rings, and silicone grease for serviceable O-rings.
Which route should you choose?
Fiber optic TTL is usually easiest if your housing has optical ports or can use the camera’s pop-up flash/LED trigger. It is common with compact, mirrorless, Nauticam, Sea & Sea, AOI, and Olympus/OM TG-style setups.
Electrical TTL is often best if you use Ikelite DS strobes or an Ikelite-style housing/bulkhead. Ikelite says its DS Link TTL converters are faster and more reliable than fiber-optic TTL triggers, and they do not require batteries. (Backscatter.com )
The compatibility rule
You need all three to match:
camera brand/protocol + housing/trigger type + strobe TTL system
For example:
- Sony camera + Nauticam housing + optical TTL trigger + Inon/Sea & Sea-compatible fiber optic strobe
- Nikon/Canon/Sony camera + Ikelite housing/bulkhead + Ikelite DS Link TTL converter + Ikelite DS strobe
- Compact camera with built-in flash + fiber optic cable + S-TTL/DS-TTL-capable strobe
So the practical answer is: buy a TTL-compatible strobe, the correct TTL trigger/converter for your camera and housing, and the right fiber optic or electrical sync cable. The exact part numbers depend on your camera, housing, and strobe model.
The model produces a generic response that leaves the user to do complicated compatibility checks on their own.
With memory
What would I need to buy to use TTL for my underwater photography setup?
I’ll verify this against your actual setup: Sony A1 II in Nauticam NA-A1II, with Backscatter Mini Flash 3 and Inon Z-330 strobes. The key question is whether you want TTL with the Mini Flash 3, the Z-330s, or both.
For your setup — Sony A1 II + Nauticam NA-A1II + Backscatter Mini Flash 3 + Inon Z-330 — there are two different TTL paths:
Best buy for Mini Flash 3 TTL
Buy:
**Backscatter Smart Control TTL LED Nauticam Flash Trigger for Sony
SKU: BS-TR-SN2**
Backscatter lists it as custom-designed for Nauticam full-frame Sony housings, TTL-compatible with Mini Flash 3, and the NA-A1II housing page offers it as the “Backscatter Smart Control TTL Flash Trigger” option. (Backscatter.com )
You’d use normal optical fiber cables from the housing to the Mini Flash 3. On the MF-3, you’d use SC or SC Macro mode; Backscatter says SC / SC Macro are the TTL modes for Mini Flash 3, with SC Macro specifically tuned for close macro work. (Backscatter.com )
For Inon Z-330 TTL
For the Inon Z-330, the relevant unit is:
UW Technics 11075-HSS TTL Converter for Sony / Nauticam
UW Technics explicitly lists Inon Z-330 as a compatible TTL strobe and supports optical TTL output. (UWTechnics )
But I would not buy this for Mini Flash 3 TTL. Backscatter’s own UW Technics listing says Backscatter strobes are manual / HSS only on that converter, while the Backscatter Smart Control trigger is the one listed for Sony TTL with the Mini Flash 3. (Backscatter.com )
Practical recommendation
Since you shoot macro and have the Mini Flash 3, I’d buy the Backscatter Smart Control TTL LED Nauticam Flash Trigger for Sony — BS-TR-SN2.
The catch: there probably is no single trigger that gives true TTL for both the Mini Flash 3 and Inon Z-330 at the same time. The Backscatter trigger is the right TTL solution for the MF-3; the UW Technics converter is the right TTL solution for the Z-330. So choose based on which strobe you actually want TTL for.
For your use case, I’d prioritize Mini Flash 3 TTL / SC Macro and treat the Z-330s as manual when needed.
The model remembers the user’s camera setup and recommends a compatible product.
We can construct an eval from examples that resemble this where the model is asked to respond to a prompt that requires it to recall factual information about the user. The model is then rewarded if it responds in a way that correctly uses the relevant context. In this evaluation, the new dreaming-based system improves the model's ability to recall relevant facts.
Following preferences
Memory also helps ChatGPT respond in ways that better match your preferences and constraints.
Imagine that you’re planning a trip to Singapore. Two months before your trip, you ask ChatGPT to help with an itinerary. ChatGPT already knows from past travel planning that you enjoy wildlife photography, prefer hotels with strong AC, and enjoy a quiet dinner over a crowded bar.
Without memory
Help me plan a trip to Singapore. I'm going to be there for a work trip in July and will have a few days free at the end.
Great add-on city for a work trip: Singapore is compact, safe, excellent for solo exploring, and easy to do in 2–4 free days. July is hot and humid; expect daytime highs around 31–33°C / 88–91°F, warm nights, and sudden rain, so plan outdoor time early morning or after 5 p.m. and keep midday for museums, malls, cafés, or hotel downtime. Singapore’s official weather service notes typical daily highs of 31–33°C and lows of 23–25°C. (Singapore Weather Service )
A strong 3-day plan
Day 1: Marina Bay, Gardens, and skyline
Start late afternoon at Marina Bay and walk the waterfront: Merlion Park, Helix Bridge, ArtScience Museum exterior, then into Gardens by the Bay. Book Cloud Forest, Flower Dome, and either the OCBC Skyway or Supertree Observatory if views matter to you. Gardens by the Bay lists Cloud Forest and Flower Dome as open daily 9 a.m.–9 p.m.; Supertree Observatory is also listed as 9 a.m.–9 p.m. with last admission at 8:30 p.m., but check maintenance closures before booking. (Gardens by the Bay )
Evening: stay for the Supertree light show area, then dinner at Lau Pa Sat for an easy first-night hawker experience near the CBD. It has 80+ stalls and local staples like satay, laksa, nasi lemak, bak kut teh, kaya toast, and char kway teow. (Laupasat )
Day 2: Culture neighborhoods and food
Morning: Chinatown. Visit Buddha Tooth Relic Temple, walk the shophouse streets, and eat at Maxwell Food Centre or Chinatown Complex Food Centre. Visit Singapore lists Maxwell, Chinatown Complex, Old Airport Road, Tiong Bahru Market, Newton, and others among popular hawker centres. (Visit Singapore )
Afternoon: Kampong Glam and Haji Lane for Sultan Mosque, murals, boutiques, and cafés. Then head to Little India around golden hour for temples, flower garlands, Tekka Centre, and dinner.
Evening: either cocktails around Ann Siang / Club Street, or keep it low-key with a night walk along the Singapore River: Boat Quay to Clarke Quay to Robertson Quay.
Day 3: Nature or beach day
Pick one based on your energy.
For nature: do Singapore Botanic Gardens early, then the National Orchid Garden, followed by lunch in Dempsey Hill or Tiong Bahru. This is the best “green Singapore” day without leaving the city.
For beach/resort mode: go to Sentosa. Choose the southern beaches, Fort Siloso Skywalk, or a beach club. I would skip trying to do every Sentosa attraction unless you love theme parks.
For local food focus: do Tiong Bahru Market for breakfast, National Gallery Singapore midday, then Old Airport Road Food Centre for dinner. The official events page also shows exhibitions and cultural events, so it is worth checking once your exact July dates are fixed. (Visit Singapore )
Best places to stay after the work part
Marina Bay / CBD is easiest if you want polished, walkable, skyline-heavy Singapore and minimal transit.
Chinatown / Telok Ayer / Tanjong Pagar is my top pick for a few free days: great food, MRT access, heritage streets, cocktail bars, and close to work districts.
Bugis / Kampong Glam is better if you want boutique hotels, cafés, street art, and a slightly more relaxed neighborhood feel.
Orchard is convenient for shopping and rainy-day malls, but less atmospheric.
What to book ahead
Book Gardens by the Bay conservatories/Skyway, any special restaurants, and possibly a cocktail bar. For hawker centres, do not over-plan; just go hungry, carry tissues or wet wipes, and be ready to share tables.
July packing notes
Bring breathable work clothes, comfortable walking shoes, a small umbrella, and a light layer for aggressive air-conditioning. I would also plan one “rain-flexible” indoor block each day, because showers can arrive suddenly even when the forecast looks fine.
My suggested balance: Day 1 Marina Bay/Gardens, Day 2 Chinatown–Kampong Glam–Little India, Day 3 Botanic Gardens or Sentosa. That gives you the Singapore highlights without turning your post-work break into another work project.
The model produces a generic response that is more touristy, doesn't help with hotel booking, and largely ignores the user's interests.
With memory
Help me plan a trip to Singapore. I'm going to be there for a work trip in July and will have a few days free at the end.
I’ll build this around your known constraints: a few free days after work, hot/humid July weather, wildlife/photography/nature bias, strong AC needs for sleep, and good but not overly social dining. I’ll verify current July logistics and then give a practical short itinerary rather than a generic Singapore list.
Here’s how I’d structure it: 2–3 free days, mostly nature / wildlife / photography, with heat-managed mornings and AC breaks. July is hot and humid: Singapore’s July long-term stats are about 31.4°C / 88.5°F average daily max, 25.4°C / 77.7°F min, 146.6 mm rain, and 14 rain days, so outdoor plans should be early morning or evening, not midday. (National Environment Agency )
Best plan for 3 free days
Day 1 — Gardens by the Bay + Marina Bay, low-friction
Morning: Cloud Forest + Flower Dome. This is the obvious “touristy” pick, but it fits you well because it’s visually interesting, good for photography, and climate-controlled. Gardens by the Bay lists Cloud Forest and Flower Dome-type attractions running 9:00am–9:00pm, and Cloud Forest currently has the Jurassic World experience listed as ongoing. (Gardens by the Bay )
Late afternoon / evening: Supertree Grove + Borealis / light show. Gardens currently lists Borealis every Sat, Sun & Mon, 8:00–8:30pm at Supertree Grove, so try to align this with one of those nights. (Gardens by the Bay )
Dinner: do something easy nearby: Marina Bay / Tanjong Pagar / Telok Ayer. For you, I’d prioritize reservation-based restaurants with real tables over hawker centers on the first night, because you dislike cramped solo seating.
Day 2 — Mandai wildlife day
Morning to afternoon: Bird Paradise + River Wonders. Bird Paradise is probably the best fit photographically; River Wonders is less “wildlife photography” and more controlled exhibits, but it pairs well logistically. River Wonders is listed as daily 9:00am–6:00pm, last entry 5:00pm. (Mandai Wildlife Reserve )
Evening: Night Safari. This is the rare Singapore attraction that is genuinely better at night and avoids the worst heat. Night Safari is listed as daily 6:00pm–12:00am, last entry 11:15pm, with tram plus walking trails and over 900 nocturnal animals. (Mandai Wildlife Reserve )
This is a full day. I would not add Singapore Zoo unless you have 4 free days; Mandai can become exhausting fast.
Day 3 — Nature reserve / macro-ish walking + food
Early morning: Singapore Botanic Gardens or MacRitchie / Windsor Nature Park. For a few free days, Botanic Gardens is the safer pick: easier transport, less sweaty, better bailout options, and more consistent casual photography. MacRitchie / Windsor is better if you want more actual forest, but it is hotter, sweatier, and less predictable.
Midday: AC break.
Late afternoon: Joo Chiat / Katong or Chinatown / Telok Ayer for walking, architecture, coffee, and dinner. This gives you a different texture from Marina Bay without turning the day into a logistics project.
My ranking for you
- Cloud Forest / Gardens by the Bay — best combination of photogenic, iconic, heat-managed.
- Bird Paradise + Night Safari — best wildlife-focused day.
- Botanic Gardens early morning — best low-stress outdoor nature.
- Joo Chiat / Katong — best neighborhood walk.
- Hawker centers — worth doing, but not ideal for your seating preferences unless timed off-peak.
What I’d avoid or deprioritize
I would skip Sentosa unless you specifically want beach/resort stuff. I would also skip a packed “greatest hits” day of Merlion / Orchard / Little India / Chinatown / Clarke Quay; it’s inefficient and hot. For you, the trip will be better if each day has one strong anchor plus one easy evening plan.
Hotel / sleep note
Since this is a work trip, your hotel may be fixed. If you can choose or extend at the same hotel, the hard gate is still AC. Singapore hotels are generally AC-heavy, but your requirement is unusually strict.
One thing I need to make this concrete
Send the exact free dates and whether your work hotel is fixed. Then I’d turn this into a day-by-day plan with restaurant targets and a hotel/AC callout.
The model produces a response that is personalized to the user’s interests in wildlife photography, quiet dinners, and their priorities when booking a hotel.
Preferences can take several forms:
- Instructions for how ChatGPT should respond ("don't bring up Stan again").
- Your personal preferences or constraints ("I’m vegetarian")
- Implicit preferences that shape what’s relevant to you ("I live near San Francisco" → local options should be tailored to this area)
In developing the new memory system, we improved ChatGPT’s ability to apply relevant preferences from past conversations. Following the "I’m vegetarian" example above, we can evaluate whether the model correctly leverages memory to produce vegetarian-friendly dining options when a vegetarian user asks for meal prep suggestions.
Staying current over time
Time doesn’t stop when your chat ends.
Traditional memory systems can become stale. For example, you tell ChatGPT "I’m in Singapore and need a dinner recommendation for tonight." Then, time passes, your trip ends, and you wonder why ChatGPT still thinks you’re in Singapore.
With dreaming, memories are automatically updated as time passes, allowing ChatGPT to revise its memory from "You’re going to Singapore in July" to "You went to Singapore in July 2026" when the trip ends. Then, when you’re back home, ChatGPT can again provide recommendations that are tailored to your home location and time zone.
Stale memory
Help me find something for take-out tonight that's still open.
It’s about 5:19 AM Sunday in Singapore, so your safest take-out/delivery bets are 24-hour places.
Best bets right now:
- McDelivery / McDonald’s Singapore — easiest islandwide option; McDonald’s says McDelivery is available 24 hours, 7 days a week. Breakfast menu should be on now. (McDonald's Singapore )
- Srisun Express — good for prata, Indian Muslim food, local comfort food; their site says they’re halal-certified and open 24/7. (Sri Sun Express )
- 89.7 Supper Club — good if you’re near Changi Village or Geylang East; their outlets page says both locations are open 24 hours, 7 days a week. (89.7 Supper Club )
- 126 Dim Sum Wen Dao Shi — worth checking on GrabFood/foodpanda if you’re in the East; a 2025 guide says it runs till 5:30 AM on weekdays and round-the-clock on weekends. Since it’s Sunday morning, it may still be available. (Eatbook )
- Prata around Geylang / Serangoon / Bedok / Jalan Kayu — look in GrabFood or Google Maps for “prata open now”; guides list multiple 24-hour prata/supper spots, including Mufiz Prata Corner and RK Eating House. (Eatbook )
For the fastest path: open GrabFood / foodpanda / Deliveroo, set filter to Open now, then search “prata,” “McDonald’s,” “Srisun,” “89.7,” “dim sum,” or “nasi lemak.” If you tell me your neighborhood or nearest MRT, I’ll narrow it to specific nearby places.
The model thinks the user is still in Singapore.
With memory
Help me find something for take-out tonight that's still open.
I’ll use Portola Valley / Ladera as the starting point and prioritize places that are plausibly open for takeout tonight, then narrow to low-friction options rather than a huge list.
For tonight, Saturday May 30, near Ladera / Portola Valley, I’d start here:
- Alpine Inn — safest casual pickup option. Open Saturday until 9:30 pm and has Order Takeout on its site. Good for burgers / tavern food. (Rossotti's Alpine Inn )
- Taverna Portola Valley — nearby at Ladera Country Shopper; open daily, Saturday dinner until 9:00 pm. Better if you want Greek / Mediterranean. (TAVERNA Portola Valley )
- Portola Bistro — also nearby; Saturday dinner until 9:30 pm. Good option for Italian / Mediterranean / pizza-ish dinner. (Portola Bistro - )
- Amigos Grill — Mexican, very close in Ladera Country Shopper. Official site says call to order at 650-851-3997; DoorDash / order.online lists pickup/delivery ordering until 8:40 pm. (Amigos Grill )
- State of Mind Slice House, Palo Alto — best fallback if you want pizza and can drive farther; Friday–Saturday hours are 11 am–10 pm. (State of Mind Slice House )
My pick: Alpine Inn for easiest local takeout, Taverna if you want something less heavy, State of Mind if it’s later and you want the most reliable post-9 pm option.
The model provides responses that are relevant to the user’s home location.
In our memory evaluations, we measure whether ChatGPT can correctly respond to prompts where the passage of time materially affects the correct answer or recommendation. Dreaming provides a substantial lift in this area:
A more scalable foundation for the future
At OpenAI, our mission is to ensure that artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity.
While dreaming-based memory has been available to Plus and Pro users for some time, we are only now able to offer Free users a version that meets our quality bar and is practical to serve at scale. Recent improvements reduced the compute required to serve dreaming to Free users by approximately 5x, making it possible to begin rolling out dreaming to Free users over the coming weeks and to increase memory capacity for Plus and Pro users.
Looking ahead, dreaming now provides us with a shared memory foundation for all users. This update represents our most capable memory system yet, and we’ll continue improving it.
To learn more about this release and memory user controls, visit our Memory FAQ .