- 在计划中的首次公开募股（IPO）之前，SpaceX 已签署一项协议，以每月 9.2 亿美元的价格向谷歌出租计算能力，租期为 32 个月。
- SpaceX 在 5 月份宣布了与 Anthropic 的类似安排。
- 谷歌母公司 Alphabet 因支持 SpaceX 而获得了巨额收益，这笔投资在 2015 年时价值 120 亿美元，而 SpaceX 正寻求以超过 1.75 万亿美元的估值上市。
（从左至右）谷歌首席执行官桑达尔·皮查伊与特斯拉和 SpaceX 首席执行官埃隆·马斯克交谈，他们于 2025 年 1 月 20 日在华盛顿特区美国国会大厦圆形大厅出席就职典礼，当时唐纳德·特朗普即将宣誓就任美国第 47 任总统。
索尔·勒布 | 法新社 | 盖蒂图片社
在预计将筹集创纪录资金的计划 IPO 前几天，SpaceX 已与谷歌签署一项协议，通过向这家搜索巨头提供 AI 计算能力，每月带来 9.2 亿美元收入。
根据周五的一份监管文件，谷歌将使用约 11 万块英伟达图形处理单元（GPU），以及位于 SpaceX 数据中心的中央处理器、内存和其他组件。该协议从今年 10 月持续到 2029 年 6 月，费率为每月 9.2 亿美元，并且“在 9 月之前以降低的费用逐步提升容量”。
SpaceX 在文件中表示，如果其未能“在 2026 年 9 月 30 日之前交付承诺数量的 GPU 访问权限”，谷歌可以立即终止协议，或者在一个月宽限期后以降低的费用接受所提供的 GPU 数量。
今年之后，任何一方均可终止该协议，但需提前 90 天通知。
谷歌云的一位发言人通过电子邮件告诉 CNBC，这笔交易是为了“确保我们拥有过渡能力，以满足客户对我们智能体平台 Gemini Enterprise 激增的需求，该需求甚至比我们预期的还要高。”谷歌于 10 月份推出了面向大型企业的订阅服务 Gemini Enterprise。
谷歌协议是 SpaceX 继今年 2 月与埃隆·马斯克的人工智能公司 xAI 合并后宣布的第二项大规模基础设施交易，该合并交易对合并后实体的估值为 1.25 万亿美元。上个月，Anthropic 宣布达成一项协议，将使用 SpaceX 位于田纳西州孟菲斯的 Colossus 1 数据中心的所有算力。
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AI 投资者谈即将到来的大型 IPO 以及为何盈利能力“不那么重要”
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Alphabet 因投资 SpaceX 而获得巨额收益。马斯克的公司 2015 年谷歌投资时估值 120 亿美元，目前计划于下周上市，估值超过 1.75 万亿美元。
马斯克正试图在下周上市前提升 SpaceX 的 AI 故事，以表明公司至少能从其在孟菲斯及周边地区多个数据中心的巨额投资中获得一些回报。SpaceX 在其招股说明书中表示，第一季度资本支出总计 101 亿美元，较去年同期翻了一番多，其中绝大部分成本——77 亿美元——投入到了 AI 领域。
与此同时，该业务的 AI 部门本季度运营亏损 25 亿美元，而收入仅为 8.18 亿美元。马斯克一直将 xAI 的 Grok 模型和聊天机器人吹捧为 AI 领导者 OpenAI、Anthropic 和谷歌产品的竞争对手，但他的公司产品尚未在这个蓬勃发展的市场中取得太大进展。
在 Grok 允许用户通过修改成人和儿童的照片或视频轻松创建和分享未经同意的色情图像或深度伪造色情内容后，SpaceXAI 在美国和国外面临多起诉讼和政府调查。
今年 3 月，在 xAI 人才大量流失之后，马斯克表示 Grok 需要重建。随后，该公司达成了一项协议，使其有权以 600 亿美元收购 AI 编程初创公司 Cursor。
与此同时，SpaceX 正致力于从最初为处理 Grok 相关工作流而建设的数据中心中盈利。
SpaceX 在其 IPO 文件中关于“与第三方的算力服务协议”部分表示：“我们相信，我们的算力基础设施及相关策略为我们分配和变现算力能力提供了极大的灵活性。”
在招股说明书中，SpaceX 将谷歌列为连接服务领域的竞争对手——SpaceX 运营其星链卫星互联网服务，而谷歌则运营其光纤宽带业务。在人工智能领域，SpaceX 表示其竞争对手还包括谷歌、OpenAI、Anthropic、Meta 和微软。
谷歌正大幅增加在人工智能领域的投入，以追赶其他超大规模云服务商。该公司在 4 月份将今年的资本支出预测从此前的 1750 亿至 1850 亿美元上调至 1800 亿至 1900 亿美元。Alphabet 本周表示，计划通过发行股票筹集 850 亿美元，其中包括伯克希尔·哈撒韦投资的 100 亿美元，以满足“前所未有的客户需求”。
在进军基础设施租赁市场时，SpaceX 还与一批通常被称为“新云”的公司展开竞争，其中包括 CoreWeave 和 Nebius。这些股票在上周五因科技股普遍抛售而遭受重创，但在 SpaceX 与谷歌宣布合作后有所反弹。
谷歌和 SpaceX 过去曾达成过云服务协议，但当时双方角色互换。五年前，谷歌同意向 SpaceX 提供计算和网络资源，以帮助其通过星链卫星提供互联网服务。该协议要求 SpaceX 在谷歌数据中心安装地面站，这标志着谷歌在努力追赶亚马逊云服务（AWS）和微软 Azure 的过程中取得了一场重大胜利。
“他们选择我们，是因为我们网络的质量、覆盖范围以及触达能力，”谷歌云业务首席执行官托马斯·库里安当时表示。
——CNBC 的詹妮弗·埃利亚斯对本文亦有贡献。
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22V 公司的多文·彼得森表示，SpaceX 可能在不久的将来收购 Cursor。
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- Ahead of a planned IPO, SpaceX has inked a deal to rent compute capacity to Google at $920 million per month for 32 months.
- SpaceX announced a similar arrangement with Anthropic in May.
- Google parent Alphabet has made a windfall from backing SpaceX, which was worth $12 billion at the time of its 2015 investment, and is looking to go public at a valuation of over $1.75 trillion.
(L-R) Google CEO Sundar Pichai speaks with Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk as they arrive for the inauguration ceremony before Donald Trump is sworn in as the 47th US President in the US Capitol Rotunda in Washington, DC, on January 20, 2025.
Saul Loeb | Afp | Getty Images
Days before a planned IPO that's expected to raise record sums of cash, SpaceX has inked a deal with Google that will bring in $920 million a month by providing AI compute capacity to the search giant.
According to a regulatory filing on Friday, Google will use about 110,000 Nvidia graphics processing units, as well as central processors, memory and other components housed in SpaceX's data centers. The agreement spans from October of this year through June 2029 at the $920 million rate, and with "capacity ramping up through September at a reduced fee."
SpaceX said in the filing that if it fails to "deliver access to the committed amount of GPUs by September 30, 2026," Google can immediately end the agreement, or accept the number of GPUs provided at a reduced fee after a one-month grace period.
After this year, the agreement can be terminated by either party provided they give 90 days' notice.
A Google Cloud spokesperson told CNBC by email that the deal was made "to ensure we have bridge capacity to meet surging customer demand for our agent platform, Gemini Enterprise, which has been even higher than we expected." Google introduced Gemini Enterprise — subscriptions for large businesses — in October.
The Google agreement marks the second massive infrastructure deal announced by SpaceX following its merger in February with xAI, Elon Musk's artificial intelligence company, in a transaction that valued the combined entity at $1.25 trillion. Last month,Anthropic announced a deal to use all of SpaceX's compute capacity at its Colossus 1 data center in Memphis, Tennessee.
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Alphabet has made a windfall from backing SpaceX. Musk's company was worth $12 billion at the time of Google's 2015 investment, and is aiming to go public next week at a valuation of over $1.75 trillion.
Musk is trying to boost SpaceX's AI story ahead of next week's offering to show that the company is getting at least some return on its hefty investment in multiple data centers in and around Memphis. SpaceX said in its prospectus that capital expenditures in the first quarter totaled $10.1 billion, more than doubling from a year earlier, with the vast majority of those costs — $7.7 billion — committed to AI.
Meanwhile, the AI segment of the business recorded an operating loss in the quarter of $2.5 billion on just $818 million in revenue. Musk has touted xAI's Grok model and chatbot as a rival to offerings from AI leaders OpenAI, Anthropic and Google, but his company's products have yet to make much of a dent in the booming market.
SpaceXAI faces multiple lawsuits and government probes in the U.S. and abroad after Grok enabled users to easily create and share non-consensual sexual images, or deepfake porn, by modifying photos or videos of adults and children.
In March, following an exodus of talent from xAI, Musk said Grok needed to be rebuilt. The company then struck a deal that gives it the option to acquire AI coding startup Cursor for $60 billion.
In the meantime, SpaceX is working to make money from the data centers originally built to handle Grok-related workflows.
"We believe our compute infrastructure and related strategy provides us with substantial flexibility in how we allocate and monetize capacity," SpaceX said in a section of its IPO filing on "compute service agreements with third parties."
In the prospectus, SpaceX named Google as a competitor in connectivity, where SpaceX operates its Starlink satellite internet service, and Google operates its fiber broadband business. And in AI, SpaceX said it competes with Google as well as OpenAI, Anthropic, Meta and Microsoft.
Google is significantly ramping up spending on AI as it races to keep up with rival hyperscalers. The company in April revised its capital expenditure forecast this year to between $180 billion and $190 billion, up from its previous estimate of $175 billion to $185 billion.
Alphabet said this week it plans to sell $85 billion in stock, including through a $10 billion investment by Berkshire Hathaway, to meet "unprecedented customer demand."
In jumping into the infrastructure leasing market, SpaceX is also competing with a group of companies, commonly called neoclouds, that includes CoreWeave and Nebius. Those stocks got hammered on Friday as part of a broader tech selloff, but bounced back some following the SpaceX-Google announcement.
Google and SpaceX forged a cloud pact in the past, but with their roles reversed. Five years ago, Google agreed to supply computing and networking resources to SpaceX to help deliver internet service through its Starlink satellites. The agreement called for SpaceX to install ground stations at Google data centers, and marked a big win for Google in its effort to keep pace with Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure.
"They chose us because of the quality of our network and the distribution and reach of our network," said Thomas Kurian, CEO of Google's cloud group, said at the time.
—CNBC's Jennifer Elias contributed to this report.
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