自蒸馏中反馈对齐的作用
阅读原文· arxiv.org自蒸馏通过匹配学生(仅看问题)与自教师(还看上下文)的输出分布,使模型在无上下文时仍保持改进。研究比较三种上下文设计:二值奖励(GRPO)、参考解、以及步骤对齐的批评。步骤对齐批评效果最佳,Avg@12上比GRPO高16.11分,比参考解条件高5.27分。逐token优势分析表明,步骤对齐反馈仅针对推理失败的token,而参考解强制模型改变所有token行为,包括正确步骤。这说明反馈与推理步骤的结构对齐是自蒸馏效果的关键驱动因素。
Conditioning a language model on additional context, such as feedback on a previous attempt, typically improves its response. Self-distillation trains the model to retain this improvement when the context is not present. The method works by matching the model's output distribution under two settings: a student that sees only the question, and a self-teacher that also sees the context. What the model learns therefore depends on what context the self-teacher receives, yet the design of this context remains largely unexplored. We study context design for self-distillation by training a solver on feedback from a frozen critic. We compare three conditions: (i) a binary reward (GRPO), (ii) the reference solution, and (iii) a step-by-step critique aligned to the solver's reasoning trace. Step-aligned critique yields the largest gains, outperforming GRPO by 16.11 points and reference-solution-conditioned self-distillation by 5.27 points (Avg@12). Per-token advantage analysis reveals why: step-aligned feedback targets only the tokens where reasoning fails, leaving correct behavior intact. Conditioning on the reference solution, by contrast, pressures the model to change its behavior at every token (even correct steps) because an alternative derivation inevitably differs in phrasing and approach. This suggests that structural alignment between feedback and the solver's reasoning is a key driver of self-distillation effectiveness.