CPPO:超越统一Token级别信任区域的LLM强化学习
阅读原文· arxiv.org现有PPO风格信任区域机制对所有token施加统一阈值,忽视自回归生成的非对称性和累积前缀漂移。CPPO通过位置加权阈值和累积前缀预算两种耦合机制进行优化:早期位置限制更严格以抑制序列级漂移,后期位置放宽约束以保障探索;同时动态追踪历史偏差,防止前缀沿累计误差。实验表明,该方法在不同模型规模下均能提升训练稳定性并显著提高推理准确率。
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become standard for improving LLM reasoning. However, existing PPO-style trust-region mechanisms remain position-agnostic by enforcing uniform thresholds across all tokens independently. This pointwise treatment conflicts with autoregressive generation in two critical ways. First, uniform thresholds ignore autoregressive asymmetry. Early-stage deviations produce compounding sequence-level drift, causing static thresholds to under-regulate early divergence and excessively constrain late-stage exploration. Second, evaluating token-level divergence in isolation overlooks cumulative prefix drift, granting the same divergence allowance regardless of how far the conditioning history has already deviated from the rollout policy. To address this limitation, we propose CPPO (Cumulative Prefix-divergence Policy Optimization), a token-level masking rule that aligns updates with a finite-horizon policy-improvement bound via two coupled mechanisms. First, a position-weighted threshold imposes stricter limits at early positions whose effects persist longer, relaxing constraints for late-stage tokens. Second, a cumulative prefix budget tracks historical deviations, dynamically restricting further token-level deviation to prevent compounding errors along the prefix. Empirically, CPPO enhances training stability and significantly improves reasoning accuracy across various model scales.