摩根士丹利估计,到2028年全球数据中心建设资本支出约2.9万亿美元,资金来源包括超大规模企业现金流1.4万亿美元、公司债2000亿、证券化信贷1500亿、私人信贷/资产融资/合资债务8000亿等。AI资本支出愈发依赖信贷,损失可能超出股东范围。NYU教授Damodaran指出,与互联网泡沫不同,AI资本支出规模史无前例且大部分由债务融资(尤其是私人资本),一旦调整,违约和困境将蔓延至整个社会,而非仅股东受损。
Morgan Stanley estimates about $2.9 trillion capital expenditure of global data-center construction through 2028.
With funding sources including $1.4T from hyperscaler cash flows, $200B corporate debt, $150B securitized credit, $800B private credit / asset-based finance / JV debt, and $350B other capital.
i.e. AI capex is increasingly credit-funded, so losses could spill beyond shareholders.