欧洲零售协会要求欧盟豁免非欺骗性AI广告的"深度伪造"标注义务
欧洲零售协会Eurocommerce（成员包括Amazon、H&M、Inditex、Ikea）致信欧盟科技专员Henna Virkkunen，要求对非欺骗性AI生成广告图像豁免EU AI Act的透明度标签要求。该法律将于8月2日生效，要求所有符合“deepfake”定义的AI生成内容明确标注。Eurocommerce认为AI生成的沙发展示图不属于deepfake，强制标注将冲淡警示价值。Zalando称其平台90%营销内容由AI生成，H&M和Zara已启用AI模特。业界指出“deepfake”一词源于非法色情与欺诈语境，当前定义过于宽泛。欧盟委员会尚未回应。
The EU doesn't really know what a deepfake is, and that's becoming a problem for retail
European trade association Eurocommerce is pushing to exempt AI-generated advertising from the EU AI Act's transparency requirements.
In a letter to EU tech commissioner Henna Virkkunen, which Reuters obtained, the association - whose members include Amazon, H&M, Inditex, and Ikea - is calling for an exemption for ad images that aren't meant to deceive. The EU law takes effect on August 2 and requires clear labeling of AI-generated or AI-altered content that qualifies as a "deepfake".
| Icon | When it is used | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Base Icon (AI) | When AI was involved in the creation of deepfake content (image, audio, video) or published text, or when a custom text label or an interactive second layer is used | Deepfake video with the text label "Voices generated with," followed by the base icon |
| Fully AI-generated (AI Generated) | If the entire deepfake content (image, audio, video) or text was created entirely by AI, without any human creative input or editorial control (other than prompting) | Fully AI-generated deepfake videos featuring politicians or fictional events, AI-composed music or art, AI-generated news summaries |
| Partially AI-modified | When pre-existing, human-created content has been partially modified using AI, thereby becoming a deepfake or text on topics of public interest | A face in a real photo is replaced by AI with the face of a politician; authentic photos of an empty apartment are furnished using AI |
Director General Christel Delberghe argues that an AI-generated living room image used to showcase a sofa shouldn't fall under this definition. Requiring labels on that kind of content would affect a massive share of advertising and water down the transparency rule's value for consumers. The EU Commission hasn't responded to the demand yet.
Sofa images aren't deepfakes
Zalando says 90 percent of the marketing content on its platform is now AI-generated. "Generative AI […] allowed us to move from a 'planning' mindset to a 'reacting' one, cutting those weeks of work down to just a few days — and our target this year is under 24 hours from spotting a trend to going live," says Matthias Haase, VP of Content Solutions at Zalanda. H&M and Zara use AI-generated clones of models.
The EU's use of the term "deepfake" here is questionable at best. The word has its roots in non-consensual pornography and is mostly associated with fraud or other criminal activity. The fact that an AI-generated product image of a sofa falls under the same definition shows just how blurry the current rules really are.
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