基于指标依赖的标注饱和:从标签分布中学习
在ChaosNLI数据集(每项100个标注)上微调NLI模型,发现所需标注人数因评估指标而异:熵相关(识别分歧项)需约20-50个标注者收敛,KL散度(分布匹配)约10个标注者即饱和(达全量效果的87%-95%)。软标签的熵相关r=0.643(p<0.001),优于五种标签平滑强度下的r≈0.45-0.49,因平滑无法区分模糊样本与明确样本。该优势在DeBERTa、RoBERTa、非NLI预训练基线及内容安全跨域评估中均成立。结论:标注预算应依据目标评估指标制定。
Metric-Dependent Annotation Saturation for Learning from Label Distributions
AuthorsGuneet Kohli
When annotators disagree on a label, the disagreement itself carries signal—and the number of annotators needed to capture it depends on the evaluation metric. We fine-tune NLI models on label distributions subsampled from ChaosNLI, a dataset providing 100 independent annotator judgments per item, and identify metric-dependent saturation. In our 3-class NLI setting, entropy correlation—whether the model identifies which items elicit disagreement—requires N ≈ 20–50 annotators to converge, while distributional match (KL divergence) saturates by N ≈ 10 (87–95% of improvement across five model seeds). This finding rests on a prior observation: soft labels carry item-specific signal that label smoothing cannot replicate. Across five smoothing intensities, entropy correlation clusters at r ≈ 0.45–0.49, while soft labels reach r = 0.643 (p < 0.001); per-item analysis traces this gap to smoothing’s inability to distinguish ambiguous items from clear ones. The soft-label advantage replicates across two architectures (DeBERTa, RoBERTa), a non-NLI-pretrained baseline, and an exploratory cross-domain evaluation on content safety. These results suggest that annotation budgets should be informed by the target evaluation metric rather than set uniformly.
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