离散化奖励模型
阅读原文· arxiv.org奖励模型的连续打分存在过度敏感性问题,对质量相当的回应给出差异大的分数。论文提出用“区分能力”和“特异性”两个独立指标评估奖励模型,并描述一种无训练算法:对神经奖励模型应用蒙特卡洛 dropout 生成离散奖励簇。理论证明存在离散化方案能在最小损失区分能力的前提下降低过度敏感性,实验表明离散化奖励比原始奖励更能减少奖励作弊、获得更优策略。
Despite their widespread use, the role of reward models in shaping reinforcement learning is poorly understood. Reward models offer a tempting promise: they automatically estimate response quality in the absence of verifiers or human judges. Unlike "verifiable rewards" which typically produce binary scores, reward models typically produce continuous scores, allowing them to be sensitive to fine-grained differences in responses. However, we show this apparent strength is a serious weakness: many popular reward models are oversensitive, assigning different scores to equally good responses. Theoretically, we show that seemingly perfect reward models can be highly oversensitive; empirically, this oversensitivity can lead to bad policies. In place of existing notions of "reward model accuracy," we propose evaluating reward models using distinct measures of "discriminative ability" and "specificity" (the complement of oversensitivity). As a solution, we describe a training-free algorithm that uses Monte Carlo dropout on any neural reward model to produce discrete reward clusters. Theoretically, we prove there exist discretizations that reduce oversensitivity at minimal expense of discriminative ability; empirically we show, in both controlled and natural RL settings, that discretizing rewards leads to less reward hacking and better policies than training on the original rewards.