# OPID： 智能体强化学习的在线策略技能蒸馏

- 来源：HuggingFace Daily Papers（社区热门论文）
- 发布时间：2026-06-25 08:00
- AIHOT 分数：41
- AIHOT 链接：https://aihot.virxact.com/items/cmqwqyy1k006xslikwwfmcldr
- 原文链接：https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.26790

## AI 摘要

OPID从在线策略轨迹中提取技能监督，构建分层技能：回合级技能捕获全局流程，步骤级技能捕获关键局部决策。关键优先路由机制在决策关键时使用步骤级技能，默认回退至回合级。技能注入交互历史后，旧策略在原始与技能增强上下文下重新评分同一响应，产生token级自蒸馏优势，与结果优势结合优化策略。在ALFWorld、WebShop和Search-based QA上，OPID相比纯结果RL和现有技能蒸馏基线提升了智能体性能、样本效率和鲁棒性。

## 正文

Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides a stable optimization backbone for language agents, but its sparse trajectory-level rewards provide little guidance on which intermediate decisions should be reinforced or suppressed. On-policy self-distillation offers dense token-level supervision, yet existing skill-conditioned variants often rely on external skill memories or retrieved privileged context, which are costly to maintain and can be mismatched with the state distribution induced by the current policy in multi-turn interaction. We propose OPID (On-Policy Skill Distillation), a framework that extracts skill supervision directly from completed on-policy trajectories. OPID represents trajectory hindsight as hierarchical skills: episode-level skills capture global workflows or failure-avoidance rules, while step-level skills capture local decision knowledge at critical timesteps. A critical-first routing mechanism uses step-level skills when critical decisions are identified and falls back to episode-level skills as default guidance otherwise. The selected skill is injected into the interaction history, allowing the old policy to re-score the same sampled response under both original and skill-augmented contexts. The resulting log-probability shift yields a token-level self-distillation advantage, which is combined with the outcome advantage for policy optimization. OPID thus preserves RL as the primary training objective while introducing dense, distribution-matched hindsight supervision. Experiments on ALFWorld, WebShop and Search-based QA demonstrate that OPID generally improves agent performance, sample efficiency, and robustness over outcome-only RL and existing skill-distillation baselines. Our code is available at https://github.com/jinyangwu/OPID/tree/main.