聚类、路由、升级:面向成本感知的LLM服务的级联框架
阅读原文· arxiv.org提出一种两阶段级联方案,用于LLM生产部署的成本-精度平衡。第一阶段将查询聚类并分配给最经济的模型;第二阶段引入质量估计(QE)级联,将低质量输出升级至更强模型。在测试集上,该系统保留了最强模型97-99%的准确性,同时降低了每个输出token的时间(TPOT)。仅需任务正确性标签即可适应模型池变化,无需手动重新配置。
Efficient deployment of large language models (LLMs) in production forces a trade-off between accuracy and cost. Operators often default to a single model that is either expensive for easy queries or insufficient for hard ones. To address this challenge, we propose a two-stage cascaded solution. Stage 1 clusters incoming queries and assigns each cluster to its most cost-effective model. The cost budget for this routing process is set by an interpretable hyperparameter, tuned offline. Stage 2 adds a quality estimation (QE) cascade; when an output from Stage 1 is judged low-quality, the query is escalated to a stronger model. This ensures only hard or low-confidence cases reach the expensive models. On the test datasets, the cascaded system retains 97-99% of the strongest model's accuracy while reducing Time Per Output Token (TPOT). It requires only task-correctness labels and adapts to changes in the model pool without manual reconfiguration.