QVal:低成本评估长周期LLM智能体密集监督信号的测试平台
阅读原文· arxiv.orgQVal提出一种无需训练的测试平台,通过Q对齐度量直接评估密集监督信号质量,判断动作排序是否匹配强参考策略的Q值。QVal-v1.0在4个环境、7类方法族、6个开放权重模型骨干上对21种密集监督方法进行了超过1200次评估实验,发现简单提示基线一致优于近年文献中的密集监督方法,且性能按方法族显著聚类。该平台易于扩展至新环境和新方法。
LLM agents increasingly act over long horizons, where a single trajectory can contain hundreds or thousands of actions. In these settings, outcome-only rewards provide too sparse guidance, failing to inform the model about the goodness of intermediate actions. Dense supervision methods aim to solve this problem by scoring intermediate steps, from intrinsic confidence to self-distillation and embedding similarities. However, it is common practice to evaluate them by measuring the downstream performance of a training pipeline that integrates them. This is expensive, conflates supervision quality with training engineering confounders, and renders different methodological families requiring distinct training setups incomparable. As a result, dense supervision methods are rarely benchmarked on common ground. We introduce QVal, a training-free testbed for directly evaluating dense supervision signals. Given a state-action pair, QVal measures how well a method's score is Q-aligned: whether it orders actions according to the Q-values of a strong reference-policy. This lets us compare signals before any training run and separate signal quality from other engineering choices. We instantiate QVal as QVal-v1.0, benchmarking 21 dense supervision methods across four diverse environments and seven methodological families, with over 1.2K evaluation experiments across six open-weight model backbones. We find that simple prompting baselines consistently outperform recent dense supervision methods from the literature, and that performance clusters strongly by family. These findings hold across model sizes, environments, and observation modalities. QVal is designed to be easily extensible to new environments and methods, enabling researchers to iterate on dense supervision methods before any training run.