哪种预训练范式更能服务于空间智能?对视觉语言模型和视频生成模型的实证比较
阅读原文· arxiv.org本研究系统比较了视觉语言模型与视频生成模型两种预训练范式在空间智能方面的表现。通过冻结特征探测方法,在语义标注、实例分组和三维几何预测三个关键维度上进行评估。结果显示两者具有明确的互补性:视觉语言模型在语义与实例任务上更强,而视频生成模型则在密集几何与相机运动信号上表现更优。研究进一步发现,简单地融合二者特征即可获得在几何与语义任务上均表现出色的表示,为构建更强的空间智能骨干模型指明了有前景的方向。
Spatial intelligence requires visual representations that capture both semantic objects and geometric structure in the physical world. To support this, two major pre-training schemes are now widely used as foundation backbones: Vision-Language Models (VLMs), which use language supervision to align visual observations with semantic concepts, and Video Generation Models (VGMs), which learn from temporally evolving visual worlds. However, it still remains unclear which pre-training scheme provides a better representation substrate for spatial intelligence. In this paper, we present the first systematic frozen-feature probing study of VLMs and VGMs across three representative axes of spatial intelligence: semantic tagging, instance grouping, and 3D geometry prediction. Using the lightweight probe, our framework enables a controlled comparison of what information is already encoded in frozen representations from two model families. Experimental results reveal a clear complementarity: VLMs are stronger at semantic tagging and instance grouping, while VGMs provide more accessible signals for dense geometry and camera motion. Moreover, a naive fusion of the two already yields a representation that excels at both geometry and semantics, suggesting a promising direction for building stronger spatial-intelligence backbones by effectively integrating features from both model families. Our code is available at https://github.com/om-ai-lab/Probing-VLM-VGM{https://github.com/om-ai-lab/Probing-VLM-VGM}.